How to Scratch Like a Pro: Beginner to Advanced Techniques

Scratching is one of the most distinctive aspects of DJing. It’s a way to express creativity, manipulate sounds, and enhance a DJ’s live performance. Whether you’re using vinyl or digital controllers, mastering the art of scratching opens up endless possibilities for your mixes. From the baby scratch to advanced techniques like the crab scratch, each technique adds a unique element to your set.

This guide will take you through step-by-step tutorials on the most important scratching techniques, from beginner to advanced, with helpful video examples and tips to help you improve your skill.

Before attempting to scratch, it’s crucial to have a solid understanding of beatmatching.

1. Understanding the Basics of Scratching

Before we jump into specific techniques, let’s cover the essential equipment and the foundational principles of scratching.

Essential DJ Gear for Scratching

• Turntables or Digital Controllers: Traditional vinyl turntables or DJ controllers with jog wheels are the primary tools for scratching.
• Needles/Cartridges: A DJ cartridge is specifically designed to withstand the pressure of scratching, ensuring high-quality sound.
• Slipmats: These mats sit between the turntable and the vinyl, allowing the DJ to move the vinyl freely while the platter keeps spinning underneath.
• Mixer with Crossfader: The crossfader is essential for cutting in and out of the sound while scratching. Look for a mixer with a smooth, fast crossfader for precise cuts.

Scratching Principles

• Cue Points: These are predefined spots on the track where you will start the sound (e.g., at the start of a drop or vocal). In digital setups, you can set these through your DJ software.
• Manipulating Sound: Scratching involves moving the vinyl back and forth to manipulate the sound. The key is to find a rhythm and consistency in how you move the record or jog wheel.

Explore the best DJ turntables and the most essential things to consider before buying.

2. Basic Scratching Techniques for Beginners

The Baby Scratch

The baby scratch is the most basic scratching technique and should be your starting point. It’s about learning to move the vinyl back and forth smoothly without using the crossfader.

Steps:

1. Place your finger gently on the vinyl, just outside the groove.
2. Move the vinyl forward slowly, and then pull it back to the start.
3. Focus on keeping the motion smooth, with no sudden jerks.

Tip: When you first start practicing, use your ears to tune in to the rhythm of the sound. Practice the motion while listening to how the sound shifts.

Video Example: Watch a demonstration of the baby scratch by Crossfader:

The Forward Scratch

This is a fundamental technique where you move the vinyl forward while cutting the sound in with the crossfader. It’s perfect for transitioning between tracks.

Steps:

1. Move the vinyl forward gently, allowing the sound to build.
2. Quickly cut in the sound with the crossfader as you move forward.
3. Once the sound is heard, return the vinyl back to the starting position.

Tip: Start slow to maintain precision, and increase your speed as you become more comfortable.

Video Example: Watch a demonstration of the forward scratch by Technics:

The Backward Scratch

The backward scratch mirrors the forward scratch but in reverse. It’s crucial for adding variation to your set.

Steps:

1. Start by pulling the vinyl backward slowly.
2. Cut in the sound with the crossfader as the vinyl moves backward.
3. Return the vinyl to its starting point.

Tip: Focus on smooth movements and try to match the tempo of your track when pulling back.

Video Example: Watch a demonstration of the backward scratch technique by Technics.

3. Intermediate Scratching Techniques

Once you’ve mastered the basic scratches, it’s time to move on to more advanced techniques.

The Transform Scratch

The transform scratch involves rapidly cutting the sound in and out by moving the crossfader back and forth while manipulating the vinyl. This technique is a staple in many genres, especially hip-hop and electronic music.

Steps:

1. Play the record at a steady tempo.
2. Cut the sound in and out by quickly moving the crossfader back and forth.
3. Use the vinyl to create variations in rhythm and add complexity.

Tip: Keep your movements quick but controlled, especially with the crossfader.

Video Example: Watch a demonstration of the transform scratch:

The Flare Scratch

The flare scratch is an advanced version of the transform scratch. It’s all about rapid crossfader movements, where the fader is moved quickly to create multiple cuts.

Steps:

1. Begin with the basic transform scratch motion.
2. Use the crossfader to quickly move back and forth in several directions.
3. Adjust the timing and rhythm of the cuts to create complex sound textures.

Tip: The key to the flare scratch is speed and control. Practice the quick movements until they become fluid.

Video Example: Watch a demonstration of the flare scratch by Technics:

The Chirp Scratch

The chirp scratch is used to create sharp, fast cuts, adding percussive elements to your performance. It requires precise coordination between your hands and the crossfader.

Steps:

1. Move the vinyl back and forth in small, quick motions.
2. Use the crossfader to cut in and out quickly, creating a rhythmic “chirp” sound.
3. Try to make the cuts as fast and sharp as possible while keeping the rhythm intact.

Tip: The faster you move the vinyl and crossfader, the more pronounced the effect will be. Practice to master the speed without losing control.

Video Example: Watch a demonstration of the chirp scratch:

4. Advanced Scratching Techniques

Now that you’re comfortable with intermediate scratches, let’s explore the advanced techniques that will truly set you apart as a turntablist.

The Stab Scratch

The stab scratch involves abrupt starts and stops, with sharp crossfader movements. This is used to create impactful, rhythmic moments in your set.

Steps:

1. Push the vinyl forward quickly, then stop it suddenly.
2. Use the crossfader to create a sharp cut when the vinyl stops.
3. Repeat the motion for a rhythmic, staccato effect.

Tip: The stab scratch creates a lot of tension, so use it during build-ups or to highlight key moments in your set.

Video Example: Watch a demonstration of the stab scratch by Technics:

The Crab Scratch

The crab scratch is one of the most complex scratching techniques. It involves using multiple fingers on the crossfader to create rapid, rhythmic cuts.

Steps:

1. Place three or four fingers on the crossfader.
2. Push the fader rapidly back and forth using your fingers to make quick cuts.
3. Use the vinyl to create fluid movement while maintaining control over the crossfader.

Tip: The crab scratch requires great dexterity and precision. Practice by starting with slower movements and gradually speeding up.

Video Example: Watch a demonstration of the crab scratch:

The Orbital Scratch

The orbital scratch involves a full rotation of the vinyl while using the crossfader to manipulate the sound. It’s a complex, fluid technique that adds an intricate layer to your performance.

Steps:

1. Rotate the vinyl in a circular motion to create a continuous loop.
2. Move the crossfader to create rhythmic cuts or keep the sound smooth during the rotation.
3. Experiment with timing to create a swirling, evolving sound.

Tip: Mastering the orbital scratch takes time and practice, especially with the circular vinyl motion and crossfader control.

5. Scratching with Digital Media Players

While traditional scratching uses vinyl, you can apply these same techniques to digital media using controllers, CDJs, or DJ software. The concepts are similar, but the equipment may require adjustments.

How to Scratch with a DJ Controller

Many modern controllers allow you to scratch digital tracks using jog wheels. The techniques are the same as with vinyl, but the feel may differ slightly.

Steps:

1. Use the jog wheels to simulate the motion of vinyl.
2. Set cue points in your digital track for hot cue-like functionality.
3. Adjust your controller’s settings to optimize scratch sensitivity for a better feel.

Tip: If you’re using software like Serato or Traktor, you can enable the scratch function to mimic vinyl movement, and adjust the jog wheel settings for optimal feedback.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What equipment do I need to start scratching?

To start scratching, you’ll need:

• Turntables or a DJ controller with jog wheels or platters.
• DJ-specific needles/cartridges designed for scratching (like the Shure M44-7).
• Slipmats to allow frictionless movement of the vinyl.
• A DJ mixer with a smooth crossfader for cutting in and out of tracks.
• Optionally, DJ software (such as Serato DJ or Traktor for digital scratching).

For digital DJs, DJ controllers like the Pioneer DDJ series or Numark NS7 offer built-in jog wheels for scratch control.

2. How long does it take to master scratching?

The time it takes to master scratching depends on your practice and dedication. Beginners can start learning basic scratches like the baby scratch in a few hours, while more advanced moves (like the crab scratch or orbital scratch) might take months of consistent practice. The key is to practice regularly and experiment with different techniques.

3. Can I scratch using a digital DJ setup?

Yes, you can absolutely scratch with a digital setup. Many modern DJ controllers, such as the Pioneer DDJ-SX3 or Denon SC5000, have jog wheels that mimic vinyl scratching. You can use software like Serato DJ, Traktor, or Rekordbox to set up hot cues and manipulate digital files just as you would with vinyl.

4. What’s the best way to practice scratching?

• Start Slow: Begin by practicing basic scratches like the baby scratch and forward scratch at a slow pace, focusing on getting the timing and motion right.
• Use Track Segments: Pick tracks with clear breaks or vocal samples to practice your cuts. Songs with good basslines are also ideal for beginners.
• Practice Regularly: Like any skill, practice is key. Try to set aside 30 minutes to an hour each day to practice and experiment with different scratches.

5. How can I make my scratches sound smoother?

To achieve smooth sounding scratches, focus on:

• Consistent motion: Make sure your hand movements are steady and controlled while manipulating the vinyl or jog wheel.
• Adjusting crossfader sensitivity: If your crossfader is too sensitive, it may lead to jerky cuts. Adjust the sensitivity on your mixer to suit your style.
• Timing: Scratching is all about rhythm, so practice in time with the track’s beat. It’s also essential to ensure your crossfader movements are precise to avoid unwanted distortion.

6. Should I always use vinyl to scratch, or can I use a controller?

While vinyl is traditional for scratching, digital controllers are excellent alternatives, especially for those who don’t have access to vinyl. Controllers with jog wheels (like the Pioneer DDJ-SX3 or Numark NS7) provide a similar feel to vinyl and allow you to manipulate digital tracks just like vinyl. Ultimately, the choice depends on your personal preference and comfort.

7. How can I improve my timing when scratching?

To improve your timing, follow these tips:

• Use a metronome or beat grid: Sync your scratches with the track’s rhythm to ensure precise timing.
• Practice with the beat: Start with simple scratches and gradually increase complexity while matching them to the BPM (beats per minute) of the track.
• Count the beats: When performing scratches like the baby scratch, count the beats in your head (or out loud) to stay in time.

8. What are the most difficult scratching techniques?

The most difficult techniques are usually advanced scratches that require precise hand control, such as:

• Crab scratch: This involves rapid crossfader movements with multiple fingers.
• Flare scratch: It requires fast, fluid crossfader movements to create sharp cuts.
• Orbit scratch: This involves rotating the vinyl while manipulating the crossfader, requiring good hand coordination and speed.

Mastering these advanced techniques takes time, but with practice, they’ll add depth and creativity to your scratching.

9. Can I scratch with any kind of music?

Yes, you can scratch with any genre, but some genres are more conducive to scratching. Hip-hop, electronic, and funk tracks often have clear breaks, vocals, or drum loops that make them perfect for scratching. However, you can experiment with any genre, and over time, you’ll learn how to incorporate scratching seamlessly into your mixes.

10. How do I use scratching in my DJ sets?

Scratching isn’t just for breaks. You can incorporate scratching in various parts of your set:

• Build-ups: Use scratching to build tension during a breakdown before dropping into the next track.
• Transitions: Use it to smoothly transition between songs or genres.
• Live remixes: Scratching can also be used to create live remixes, adding percussive layers or vocal chops that make your set unique and creative.

Conclusion

Scratching is an essential skill for any aspiring turntablist, combining both technical mastery and creative expression. With these beginner, intermediate, and advanced techniques, you now have the tools to take your DJ skills to the next level. Practice regularly, experiment with new sounds, and don’t be afraid to get creative.

By refining your scratching technique, you’ll be able to add unique layers to your DJ sets, impress your audience, and establish yourself as a skilled and versatile performer.